Measuring Productivity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Measuring Productivity - Research Paper Example As Lippi, Mattiuzzi and Plebani (2015) said, some of the factors that should be considered when establishing the primary productivity measure for the microbiology unit encompasses the duration of time spent by the staffs on hands on activities: that is, for a centrifuging operation, the most important productivity measure is usually the duration of time taken by a technologist to load and remove the centrifuge, not the spinning time. Other time productivity measurements which are equally important to the process include: time of day, the technologist to patient or sample ratio, and the amount of time spent on preparing laboratory machines or conducting their routine maintenance (Langabeer, 2008). One productivity measure for this unit is: spending an average of 5 minutes on setting up the machines for use and conducting routine maintenance; 4 minutes for preparing each specimen for centrifuging; and displaying the deliverables on soft-copy and hard copies. This productivity measure will optimize the primary microbiology activities by limiting potential time wastage on setting up the machine, placing the specimen for examination or relaying the results to physicians to facilitate interventions (Yakusheva, Lindrooth, & Weiss, 2014). However, the productivity measure can create the unintended consequence of impeding quality deliverables, which would otherwise be achieved if the technologists spent slightly longer time to conduct the

Animal Testing Essay Example for Free

Animal Testing Essay Interest in animal welfare goes back to the 1800’s (Assem Int). â€Å"Every year tens of thousands of animals suffer and die of laboratory test of cosmetics and household products despite the fact that the test results do not help prevent or treat purposeful misuse of the products (â€Å"Quotes† Int). Every year millions of animals are poisoned, blinded and killed during experiments to evaluate the toxicity of consumer products and their ingredients (â€Å"Testing† Int.). Animal Testing is cruel and inhumane (Teasdale Int). Scientists perform experiments on animals for two reasons: Toxicity and biological research (â€Å"Fact† Int). Sufficient existing data, as well as in vitro, test tube, alternatives make animal testing unnecessary (â€Å"Animal† Int). Non-animal research methods include clinical research; epidemiology and cellular methods are more affective, accurate and less time consuming (â€Å"Facts† Int). I believe that animal testing is wrong and if there are alternatives for research then there’s no explanation for why people should hurt of kill animals. To prove my thesis I will explain the History, Laws, Beliefs, Quotes, Statistics, Types and number of animals, Types of test, Results, Alternatives, and lastly my own opinion on the whole subject! The Law states that animal testing for cosmetics has been banned in a number of European Union Countries (Int). Europe is phasing out animal testing but the U.S has thus far failed to follow suit (â€Å"Cosmetics† Int). No Law requires animal testing of cosmetics or personal care and household products, so manufactures of these products have no excuse for inflicting suffering on animals (â€Å"Testing† Int). Laws regulating federal animal welfare act does not cover animals during tests no matter how long the test may go (Int). I believe that if the U.S has not yet banned animal testing that they probably never will. I also believe that if there is no laws stating that animals have to be used why use them in tests!!!! Buss 2 People have their own opinions on many different things. Some people believe that animal testing is unnecessary, poor scientific practice, poorly regulated, and costs over weigh alleged benefits (â€Å"Animal† Int). The tests they do on animals are not reliable in determining chemical effects on humans (â€Å"Testing† Int). In addition to being cruel and unreliable animal tests tend to be more expensive than alternative methods, making them both unkind and inefficient (Int). The suffering and death of these animals is entirely unnecessary in the making of products like shampoo, eye shadow, and toilet cleaner (Int). Some Quotes spoken by important people about animal testing include: Edwards Freemans quote stating â€Å"The awful wrongs and sufferings forced upon innocent, helpless, faithful animal race form the blackest chapter in the world† (â€Å"Quotes† Int). Another quote from George Eliot states â€Å"Animals are such agreeable friends they ask no questions they pass no criticism† (Int). Mahatma Gandki says, â€Å"The greatness of the nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated (Int). As Leonardo Da Vinci once said, â€Å"The time will come when men will look upon the murder of animals as they now look at the murder of men† (Int). â€Å"He who is cruel to animal becomes hard also in his dealings with men.† We can judge the heart of a man by his treatment to animals†, says Immanuel Kant (Int). Buss 3 Some statistics include that animal testing is wrong because 65% of the animal tests that have been passed on animals have killed hundreds of people and the animals die for no reason (Teasdale Int). For example, Nicotine is lethal to humans at 0.9 mg/kg but in dogs it is a staggering 9.2 mg/kg, in pigeons 75mg/kg and in rats 53mg/kg (â€Å"Cruelty† Int). Also of the 198 drugs that went to the market in the decade ending in 1985, 102 or 51% turned out to be more dangerous than pre market items (â€Å"Fact† Int). That has caused  ¼ of the 126 U.S medical schools including Yale, Georgetown, and others have dropped all animal laboratories from their curriculum. Allot of animal testing statistics come from the types of animals used and number used per year. There had been a sharp rise in the number of farm animals used more than doubling 32,200 in 1994 to 75,100 in 2004 (â€Å"Fact† Int). The number of rats used has fallen remarkably since the use of farm animals. Although the number of animals dropped steadily from the mid 1970’s there has been a small rise from 2001-2005 (Int). Each year in the U.S an estimated 20-70 million animals from cats, dogs, rats, mice and primates suffer and die (Int). It has been an estimated that as many as 100 million mice are used in laboratories each year (â€Å"Animal† Int). In the U.S testing on vertebrates is primarily regulated by the 1966 animal welfare act (Int). I feel getting the animal for the wild is a little better than getting them from a breeding facility because they aren’t usually nice and friendly. I also believe it is morally wrong to kill animals to figure out the toxicity of products when sometimes the products could kill humans. There are many questions about why they test on animals and what the names of the tests are. They test on animals to understand how humans and other animals function in the process called fundamental biological research (â€Å"Fact† Int). The toxicology tests whether substances used by humans such as drugs have the desired effect without at the same time poisoning them (Int). Many shampoos and other personal care products under go safety testing before they are made available to consumers (â€Å"Cosmetics† Int). Few useful cancer fighting therapies on animals resulted in cancer death rates to continue to climb (â€Å"Fact† Int). For example animal tests in the war on cancer have been a large failure. Some test that they do are LD50 or Lethal Dose Fifty, which refers to the lethal dose that is required to kill 50% of all animals in a test group of 40-200 (Int). Another test is the skin irritancy test. The last test they do is called the Draize Test. Those are the tests they inflict on poor animals. Buss 4 There are very shocking results that come with animal testing. Many animal tests produce results that are relevant to human health (â€Å"Fact† Int). Animals and humans differ in medically important ways, and often tests produce misleading results (Int). A product that made a test animal go blind could very well be sold to you (â€Å"Testing† Int). Animal experiments in stroke research led to false conclusion, waste of time, and research funds (Int). Animal tests are poor predictors of the efforts of other drugs as well (Int). In addition different species react differently to various substances, substances that fail to damage a rabbits and may be toxic to a human (â€Å"Cruelty† Int). Ironically these tests are rarely used in situations of actual human poisoning (Int). Even though manufactures use animals to test on there are other methods that can be used they are called alternatives. The non-animal test results have in fact proven themselves more accurate, and less expensive than those involving animal cruelty (Int). Many alternatives are classified under the three R’s: Reduction, Refinement, and replacement of animals with non animal methods (Int). In most cases non-animal methods take less time, cost only a fraction, and are not plagued with specie differences that make extrapolation difficult or impossible (â€Å"Cruelty† Int). The Avon cosmetic company has personally endorsed the Eytex system as an alternative to the powerful Draize test (â€Å"Cruelty† Int). Episkin and Epiderm have also been scientifically accepted around the world as a total replacement of animals (â€Å"Testing† Int). Instead of animal testing they could also use computer vital organs that serve as accurate models of the human body (Int). I bel ieve that if there is an alternative why not use it. I believe that if alternatives are less costly and more affective then manufactures shouldn’t choose animals as there test subjects. It is cruel and inhumane!!! Buss 5 In conclusion, I believe that animal testing is cruel, mean, and non-human like. Now I would like to point out some key facts and quotes from my paper. Scientists perform experiments for toxicology and biological research (â€Å"Facts† Int). Also that Europe is phasing out on animal testing and that the U.S has thus far failed to follow (â€Å"Cosmetics† Int). Another main point in my paper is laws regulating conditions for laboratory animals are minimal and poorly enforced (â€Å"Fact† Int). â€Å"The greatness of the nation and its moral progress can be judged b the way its animals are treated, Mahatma Gandki (Int). Every year 100 million mice are used in laboratory tests (â€Å"Animal† Int). Over 3 million animals have been tormented all in the name of research. If you really care about animals talk to your local stores and ask them if the supply necessity’s that have not undergone animal testing. Or just look for labels that say â€Å"No Animal Testing† or â€Å"Vegan† (â€Å"Cosmetics† Int). That is why I believe that animal testing is wrong and inhumane!!! What is your viewpoint on this subject! Works Cited â€Å"Animal Testing.† 2008. Animaltestingfacts. 28 March. 2008. http://www.animaltestingfacts.zoomshare.com â€Å"Animal Testing.† 2008. Answers.com.24 March.2008. http://www.answersanimaltesting.com â€Å"Animal Testing.† 2008. Api4animals.20 March. 2008. Http://www.Api4adnimals.com â€Å"Animal Testing.† CosmeticsPersonalcare.12 Oct. 2004. Grinningplanet.com.18 April.2008. www.grinningplanet,com/2004/10-12/cosmetics-animal-testing-article.htm â€Å"Assem, Louise. â€Å" Alternatives to animal testing. 14 Jan.2008. Infotrac.com. 28 March 2008.

7 Eleven Target Market

7 Eleven Target Market This investigation of the small business, 7-Eleven chain store, was conducted over two month period from July, with many sources of information, such as the actual stores and the information from internet. The 7-Eleven chain store was established as an ice house in Dallas, Texas in 1927, and it is one of the worlds largest operator, franchisor and licensor of convenience stores. This article seeks to explore a comprehensive description and understanding about 7-Eleven and try to find out the secret of success, as well as giving some suggestions. The 7-eleven chain store was started out in 1927 and was introduced to Australia in 1977. An ice dock employee in the Southland Ice Company began to offer milk, bread and eggs on Sundays and evenings when grocery stores were closed. This new business idea produced satisfied customers and then the chain store was established. In November 2005, 7-Eleven, Inc. became an indirect subsidiary of Seven I Holdings Company, a Japan-based organization. Their prime function is to consistently serve the changing needs of customers for their convenience. The store can always adapt quickly to meet the customers changing needs. It is the most obvious feature that makes it different from other convenience stores. With the newest products and services applying in the store, and the newest ways of business operation, the store can be operated more efficiently than others. For short, the perpetual improvement made the store keeping ahead in so many brands of chain stores. As a convenience store, 7-Eleven mainly faces three types of competitors. The first on is supermarkets, such as Wal-Mart. Second, small shops (probably not has a brand). Third, other brands of convenience stores, such as Lawson (founded in 1975 in Japan). The targeted customer is young single working people, usually un-married, as a result, the location of 7-Eleven always near office buildings, shopping malls, parking lots, subway station, et al. Besides the traveler is also its main customer. In Australia, stores in suburban areas often operate as petrol stations (wikipedia.org, 2010). 7-eleven, Inc. is the words largest convenience retail chain. The company operates franchises and licenses more than 7,100 stores in the U.S. and 7-Eleven licensees and affiliates operate approximately 31,400 7-Eleven and other convenience stores in countries including Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, China, Australia, et al (7-eleven.com, 2010). The main distribution of 7-eleven around the word can be seem in the table bellow fig.1 Fig.1 the main distribution of 7-Eleven around the word Territory First Store Opened Number of Locations United States 1968 584 Canada + 1969 457 Mexico 1971 1,180 Japan 1971 12,753 Australia 1977 397 Sweden 1978 191 Taiwan 1980 4,735 China (Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangzhou Macau) 1981, 1992, 1996, and 2005, respectively 1,680 Singapore 1983 493 Philippines 1984 469 Malaysia 1984 1,115 Norway 1986 177 South Korea 1989 2,282 Thailand 1989 5,409 Denmark 1993 126 Beijing, PRC 2004 93 Shanghai, PRC 2009 20 Indonesia 2009 5 Rsource: http://corp.7-eleven.com/AboutUs/InternationalLicensing/tabid/115/Default.aspx (4) Suppliers It can be seen from the table bellow that the most commodity of 7-Eleven is food, in which the processed food account most. As a result, the main supplier of 7-Eleven is food maker, especially who produce the processed food. The non-food products suppliers is various, such the provider of a variety of prepaid card. Fig.2 the commodity composition of 7-Eleven Product Type Percent% food 75 processed food 31.5à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ fast food 30 selling foodà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ such as milk, cheeseà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° 13 non-food products 25 Data resource: http://www.7-11bj.com.cn/com_1.html 4. Personnel Details To achieve their business goals, the store has many different departments that people or the technical equipment can help the store improve and perform better. Business Consultants A Business Consultant is a 7-Eleven employee assigned to the store and who visits the store twice a week. The business consultants can help the store in the following ways: Assist in the development of budgets and business plans for the store Provide advice, coaching and assistance on how to improve the business Assist with the analysis of the stores sales  data Provide continual training and guidance on the ever-improving system of the store Promote efficiency to help maximize the stores profitability Daily Deliveries Combined Distribution Centers pull products from multiple suppliers matched to the stores order and deliver daily to the store-everything from the proprietary Fresh Foods and Fresh Bakery items to dairy, eggs and snack foods. The delivery time is scheduled, so the employer know when to expect it The employer receive fewer deliveries during the day, when customer traffic is heaviest The delivery reduce the chance of running out of stock because it can replenish  items daily The employer are able to consolidate work, so he/she can spend more time satisfying his/her customers and growing the business The Advertising Support The advertising support can be seen in the following ways: TV and radio spots Billboards Websites Public relations Point-of-purchase materials 5. Technology (1) An efficient information network According to the needs and development of business, 7-Eleven has established a highly efficient comprehensive integrated information network. The overall systematic chain management can be realized through it. The main functions of the integrated information network are follows: Collecting the sales information of commodity, forecasting the orders, and releasing the orders data regularly Analyzing the ordering information of multiple store by POS System, and sent the result to manufacturers and wholesalers automatically; analyzing the selling data of different stores and sent the result to all stores automatically; analyzing the whole operation management information of the enterprise. The goods manufacturer begins to prepare the orders after receiving the data, and the wholesalers begin to prepare the ordered merchandise. The distribution centers begin to distribute the merchandise to all chain stores after receiving the merchandise specific details of headquarters through POS system. The information network is fully used in sales, ordering, purchasing, commodity inspection, accounting, etc. The network takes a mean of automatic processing in receiving order, data processing and transmitting, summons issuing, credit managing, et al., achieving business automation processing. The whole efficiency of the operation is improved greatly. à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 2à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Advanced logistics and distribution system Aggregate distribution is the unique distribution system of 7-Eleven. 7-Eleven has establish a common distribution center which gather the merchandize of the manufacturers that delivered by other wholesalers. The transport efficiency is improved greatly as the increased of delivery amount of goods to every stores and the reducing of delivery times. The delivery distant and time is reduced greatly as the shrinking of the distribution area. 6. Government regulations (1) Merchandise The products they provided are classified in different criteria. Besides the basic classification, the products are classified as products that are needed in the morning, afternoon, late afternoon, evening and late night, which is extraordinary and convenient for customers to choose the goods they need. (2) Worker The 7-Eleven Way principles are illustrated in the acronym as the follows: (See Fig.3) I CARE about People Teamwork. Fig. 3 The 7-Eleven Way principles about People Teamwork ICARE(the acronym) I- Integrity C-Customer Focus A-Accountability R-Recognition E-Excellent Execution (3) Marketing Principles The following four marketing principles have been stressed and must be followed by workers. Complete merchandizeput the merchandize that customer need most; Fresh management keep the merchandise fresh in 24 hours; Clean storekeep the shop clean in 24 hours; Smile service play the charming of smile service. 7. Global business environment On one hand, convenience store has a broad prospect with the urbanization and economic development. Convenience store is a very promising new type. As matter of fact, convenience stores has become one of the lifestyle is modern fast-paced life. On the other hand, convenience stores will also become one of the most competitive retail industries for its nature. For 7-Eleven, both opportunities and challenges exist. In over all, it has a good global business environment, the market demand is greater and greater, but the competition between convenience store has become more and more drastic. 8. The Business Strategies The key for the success of a chain store is convenience, which is also the primary factor for its survive. The main function of the chain store is 24 hours business everyday. In Adelaide, open 24/7 is the key to success for 7-Eleven. The opening hours of is area is 9am 5pm, so it is very difficult for people to find shop at night. Besides, only small part convenience stores open in 24-hour. 7-Eleven introduced convenience for customers to more deeply realize that the convenience meaning the full benefit of the customer to do everything. For example, the toilets free of charge to the customer open, free use of parking lots. As long as there is demand, do not buy goods, and the staff does not have to say hello, you can use the convenience store facilities. In fact, free use of only a handful, or bread, Fan Tuanzi, or a bottle of water, consumers will buy something from the store back. Convenience stores are open already from the time of SEVEN-ELVEN (from 7 am to 11 pm), to 24 small businesses development, according to different store locations, the golden hours each shop is different (Fei Ming-shengà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’2002). A large number of consumers go to the convenience store to buy lunch and drinks. In addition, 7-Eleven store often operating at night prime time, due to the phenomenon that work overtime is widespread, many people snack on his way home almost all the convenience stores, convenience that fully reflects the store characteristics. Importantly, the efficiency of the center in order to provide services, the services they give full play to the wide differences in the role of the individual into the retail market. Best to chase Japanese 7-Eleven differentiated services, in order to complete every 7- Eleven convenience store customers into the life situations and let the container on the goods naturally waving to customers. Although the pavement area of 7-Eleven convenience store is only 30-40 square meters, it operates more than 3,000 kinds of commodities, daily average sales of 4 million per unit area of 2.35 million yen sales, capital turnover rate  up to 43 times a year (Fu tie-shan, 2004). 7-Eleven convenience store business model is the most lively and diverse, such as convenience stores not only sell food and beverages, newspapers, magazines, tobacco, health care products, such as three meals a day, but also pre-order disc CD, seasonal merchandise, and a variety of payment services and ATM (ATM) services and other financial ticket.  Receive e-mail service launched recently, the formation of a truly integrated approach to facilitate the center of home life.24-hour convenience stores and can thus meet the needs of consumers at different levels (Zhou Jia-gao, 2002). The SWOT mode of 7-Eleven can draw as follows from the analysis above. Fig.4 SWOT mode of 7-Eleven Strengthà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡ (1) Wide marketing channels There are many stores (2) Related services is many The product exploitation capabilities is excellent (3) A large number of original products which has great attraction to customers (4) Good brand image (5) Regularly updated the product information Opportunity: (1) The demand is large and the market has a great potential (2) Has a good cooperation and relationship with many companies which will create many business opportunities. (3) The consumption habits of people will be changed. Weakness: (1) The price is a little higher than other stores (2) Larger number purchase is not available Threat: (1) the market of convenience store will be saturation (2) Facing the threat of sales promotion launched by supermarkets (3) Peer competition (4) Can not meet consumer brand with special preference 9. Recommendations (1) Customer focus Why can 7-Eleven always attract different customer groups of different cities and regions? How 7-Eleven master the demand of customers. The word of Toshifumi Suzuki, the owner of 7-Eleven can always unveil the hidden meaning that the key of retail business in nowadays psychology rather than not economics (Pilieci, 2009.). Indeed, the competition between convenience stores is not the pace of expansion or the price. The main consumer group is of convenience store is white-collar workers and single people, etc. They rarely seek cheaper. Therefore, the competition between stores will ultimately fall to the service. The beliefthe satisfaction of customer needs is the key to the success of retail industryis the consistent idea of 7-Eleven. As a result, 7-Eleven establishes has established the operation tenet of follow the need of various customer needs. 7-Eleven constantly study and explore the products customers really want and how to meet customer needs from the view, thinking and action of customers. This is why 7-Eleven can take the good business strategies I mentioned above. (2) Brand strategy Brand management is an inevitable process if an enterprise wants to be success. 7-Eleven now not is only stand for convenient, but also the representation of safe and secure. Sometimes, even though the price in 7-Eleven is slightly higher than other stores, customer will still buy things in 7-Eleven. 7-Eleven has become a close friend of our people. We like it and trust it. The founder has realized that most of the goods in convenience store are necessities which are so comment that anyone can open a convenience store; only those who win the favorite of customer can win the business. At the early days, 7-Eleven has designed its logos and operated it continually and seriously. (3) Characteristic operation Although the 7-Eleven is a convenience store, it has carried out the characteristic operation in service and products which make it different from other store. For example, the targeted customers of 7-Eleven is young single working people; 24 hours operation, etc. Convenience store is a very promising new type industry. Convenience stores and shopping has become one of the lifestyles in modern fast-paced life. For the convenience store, the customer needs need to be focused with great effort. It also should try to development its characteristic convenience services and products. Meanwhile, for the development of a company, a good brand is essential. The successful experience of 7-11 convenience stores not only worthy leaning of convenience store industry, but also left much consideration and revelation to the development of other industries. 10. Reference wikipedia.org, 2010.7-Eleven, Fu Tie-shan, 2004. The successful experience of 7-11 convenience stores in Japan and its enlightenment, Jiangsu Business Discussion,07(3),p,24. Zhou Jia-gao, 2002. The success of 7-11 convenience stores in Japan, Management Science Digest. 44(06), P. 34. Fei Ming-shengà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’2002.Franchise in China: Inspiration of the Success of Japanese 7-11 Self-service Storesà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’Business Research,11(05),p.124. Pilieci, V., 2009. 7-Eleven unplugs phone deal, moves Hundreds of cellphone owners left on hold by sale to Quickie. Ottawa Citizen. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-ElevenRetrieved September 5, 2010. http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/ottawa/Eleven+unplugs+phone+deal+moves/2161149/story.html. Retrieved September 1, 2010.

Essay --

Hannah Ricks Ricks, 1 Mrs. Miller English 12 11 November 2013 Rosa Parks How important are rights and equality? How many would walk 20 miles a day in rain or snow just to get the point across that bus segregation, among other forms of segregation are unjust or how many would be willing to give up their lives, jobs, protection for their families, homes, friends and others for change that is deserved? Rosa Louise McCauley Parks among many other civil right activists did just that. Rosa went through many struggles and trials in her life for the fight for freedom. She was an amazing example to all people, not just African Americans. Even though she wasn't well educated she still made a huge impact in society. By Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on the bus, she changed society in many ways: she gave hope to those races that wanted change and equal rights for themselves. Rosa got her high school diploma at age twenty thanks to encouragement of her husband Raymond: she dropped out in eleventh grade to take care of her mother and grandma. As children the black students had to walk to their school, which was often inadequate while the whites had school buses that took them to their brand new school. As long as she could remember, there was a black world and a white world, the bus was among the first ways she realized it. Parks recalled a time when the Ku Klux Klan marched down the street in front of their house while her grandfather guarded the front door with a shotgun, she could not ignore the racism of her society. Ricks, 2 Rosa suffered many things in her life but some... ...t to accomplish this goal: "President Barack Obama unveiled a statue honoring Parks in the nation’s Capital building. He remembered Parks, according to The New York Times, by saying "In a single moment, with the simplest of gestures, she helped change America and change the world. . . . And today, she takes her rightful place among those who shaped this nation’s course." Rosa Parks helped shape society into what it is today. Not all racism is gone but she made a huge impact, and tried her best to for equal rights to the oppressed. She gave so much in order for blacks to have a little bit of freedom. It took quite a while to make an impact but it had to start somewhere, and that somewhere was in the heart of Rosa Parks, it was on that bus when she decided she had had enough, it was in all the Negros that joined in a gave their lives for equality and civil rights.

Personal Computer and Local Area Networks

1. Scalabilit y refers to the ability of a computer, product, or system to be available 24/7 for constant use without breaking down. (True/False) 2. Software that manages the resources of the computer is called A) operating system software. B) application software. C) data management software. D) network software. 3. Reducing computer power consumption is a top priority for grid computing. (True/False) 4.The network standard for connecting desktop computers into local area networks that enabled the widespread adoption of client/server computing and local area networks and further stimulated the adoption of personal computers is A) TCP/IP B) COBOL C) Ethernet D) ASCII 5. Which of the following is NOT an example of the emerging mobile computing platforms? A) netbooks B) the Kindle C) cell phones D) CRM E) iPad 6. Connecting geographically remote computers in a single network to create a â€Å"virtual supercomputer† is called A) co-location.B) edge computing. C) grid computing. D ) utility computing. E) cloud-computing 7. In the age of the Internet, Porter's traditional competitive forces model is still at work, but: a)Competitive rivalry has become much more intense b)Barrier to entry is higher c)Customer demands are unpredictable d)Suppliers come and go 8. In the value chain model, primary activities are most directly related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services that create value for the: a)broker )supplier c)customer d)organization e)system 9. Which of the following is NOT one of the competitive forces? A) suppliers B) other competitors C) external environment D) customers E) wholesalers and distributors 10. Which of the following statements is NOT true about information technology's impacts on business firms? A) It helps firms expand in size. B) It helps firms lower the cost of market participation. C) It helps reduce internal management costs. D) It helps reduce transaction costs.

Immigration Act of 1924 Essay

From the late 1800s to mid 1900s there were many Acts and restrictions for foreigners to come into the United States. The Immigration Act of 1924 was very important because it had many effects on immigration and in US population. There were three factors that probably influenced Congress to pass the Immigration Act of 1924. These three factors were due to ethnic control, economic issues, and political control. First of all, Americans wanted to stay â€Å"white†, they did not wanted aliens to come and mix with their culture to produce an inferior race. â€Å"Many of these alien people are temperamentally and racially unfitted for easy assimilation† (Document F). In other words they were inferior to Americans, their race did not fit with the one of Americans. Also, they were not â€Å"temperamentally† capable to live in American society. â€Å"Thank God we have in America†¦ the largest percentage of†¦ pure unadulterated Anglo-Saxon stock; certainly the greatest of any nation in the Nordic breed† (Document I), said Ellison D. smith in 1924. Again in this phrase we can find Americans finding themselves superior to any other type of race. The same year in which the Immigration Act was passed Mr. Keaton from the Department of Adjutant of the American Legion of California wrote to John Raker in the House of Representatives in Washington, DC that he was â€Å"standing behing†¦ 100 per cent in the fight to make this a white man’s country† (Document G). Once again we can find proof that one of the most important reasons why the Immigration Act of 1924 was passed was because the United States wanted to have control over ethnicity. Secondly, Congress had to study very well how would immigrants affect US economy. The United States Bureau of the Census shows a table from 1919 to 1925 showing national and personal income during those years. In here we can se the sharpest declines between 1920 and 1921. By 1924, the year in which the Immigration Act of 1924 was enforced, economy was getting better, but not fast enough, and so they thought immigrants were affecting economy. (Document D). â€Å"There is not now the relative advantage for the peasant of England, Germany, or Scandinavia†¦ As regards the new immigrants†¦the one great reason for their coming is that they believe that on the wage which they can receive in America they can establish a higher standard that the  one to which they have been accustomed† (Document C). Congress was limiting more Southern Europeans than Northern because they were poorer and could not bring any benefits to the country. â€Å"We need three generation to educate, to crossbreed with Western strains and to assimilate a large number of those that we have here now† (Document F). This suggests that inferiority is would not last forever but the bulk of the argument indicates clearly that the effort to â€Å"Americanize† the new, particularly the â€Å"new immigrants† will exhaust America’s resources had ultimately prove impossible. Thirdly, having political control was very important also. Congress felt that by allowing people from different countries with different government will try to change the way America was governed. For example, communism was something Congress was afraid. It was the time when Bulsobism was trying to infest the US with its communism. The US was afraid that in those immigrants a group of Bulsobist could sneak in introduce bad habits to Americans. Philadelphia inquirer, 1920 (document E), shows a communist immigrant under the US flag trying to get it through the United States boundaries. Concluding, we find proof, once again, of the fears that the United States has and this is why American Congress takes drastic caution towards immigrants who could affect the US. â€Å"Under the act of 1924 the number of each nationality who may be admitted annually is limited to 2 per cent of the population of such nationality resident in the United States according to the census of 1890† (Document A). This Act was mostly influenced by the factors of economy, ethnic and political control.